Run Check Disk (chkdsk) from a Command Line to Check and fix Disk Errors

You can run Check Disk from the command line or with other utilities. At a command prompt, you can test the integrity of your effected drive by typing the following command:

C:\>Windows\System32\chkdsk /your effected drive

 Check Disk won’t repair problems, however.To find and repair errors on drive C, use this command:

C:\>Windows\System32\chkdsk /f Your Effected Drive:

Open Command Prompt with Administrative privileges, then type in the following command to do an exhaustive check of your drive.

C:\>chkdsk /?
Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]] [/B]

  volume          Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name.
  filename        FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation.
  /F              Fixes errors on the disk.
  /V              On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk.
                  On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any.
  /R              Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information (implies /F).
  /L:size         NTFS only:  Changes the log file size to the specified number of kilobytes. If size is not specified, displays current size.
  /X              Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.
                  All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid (implies /F).
  /I              NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index entries.
  /C              NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder structure.
  /B              NTFS only: Re-evaluates bad clusters on the volume (implies /R)

The /I or /C switch reduces the amount of time required to run Chkdsk by skipping certain checks of the volume.